is generally identified with a period beginning in the early nineteen sixties and extending through the late nineteen eighties. Whereas first-wave feminism focused largely on de jure (officially mandated) inequalities, second wave feminism saw de jure and de facto (unofficial) inequalities as inextricably linked issues that had to be addressed in tandem.The movement encouraged women to understand aspects of their own personal lives as deeply politicized, and reflective of a sexist structure of power. If first-wave feminism focused upon absolute rights such as suffrage, second-wave feminism was largely concerned with other issues of equality, such as the end to discrimination and oppression.

describes the biological differences between men and women, which are universal and determined at birth.

refers to the differentiation by sex of statistical and other data. This is a basic requirement of good practice in development programming. Without which it is difficult or impossible to determine the gender impacts of development activities.

is definition of social roles based on gender, including stereotyping of men or women into certain types of acceptable behaviour.  Sexism can be used by any gender against any gender, but is more often levelled against women due to the unequal power relations in society.  Sexism can include the demarcation of what actions are suitable for a woman or man, as well as the rejection of those who do not fit into the definitions provided.

is conduct characterized by repeated and undesired words, acts or gestures with a sexual connotation which by nature attack the dignity of the physical or psychological integrity of the person or lead to unfavourable working and learning conditions or dismissal.

embraces human rights that are already recognized in national laws, international human rights documents and other consensus documents. These include the right of all persons, free of coercion, discrimination and violence, to: the highest attainable standard of health in relation to sexuality, including access to sexual and reproductive health care services; seek, receive and impart information in relation to sexuality; sexuality education; respect for bodily integrity; choice of partner; decide to be sexually active or not; consensual sexual relations; consensual marriage; decide whether or not, and when to have children; and pursue a satisfying, safe and pleasurable sexual life.

is a branch of feminism that focuses upon both the public and private spheres of a woman's life and argues that liberation can only be achieved by working to end both the economic and cultural sources of women's oppression. Socialist feminism is a dualist theory that broadens Marxist feminism's argument for the role of capitalism in the oppression of women and radical feminism's theory of the role of gender and the patriarchy.

highlights the fundamental issues related to women’s (or, less often, men’s) subordination and gender inequities. Strategic gender interests are long-term, usually not material, and are often related to structural changes in society regarding women’s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice, and increased participation in decision-making.

are those derived from women’s subordinate status. They point to an alternative, more just and more satisfactory organization of society in respect of the relationships between women and men and upbringing of children – gender division of labour, power and control, legal rights, domestic violence, equal wages and women’s control over their bodies.

meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Sustainable development implies economic growth together with the protection of environmental quality, each reinforcing the other.

Top