refers to disbelief regarding the economic, political, and or social equality of females as a sex. Sometimes antifeminism is also used to refer to a belief in male superiority and as such is synonymous with male chauvinism. The opposite of antifeminism is anti-masculinism or female chauvinism.

is the strain of feminism that attempts to find a place for the voices of black women, marginalized among feminists by the white dominance of feminism, and among Black movements by male dominance.  Black Women's Studies necessitates an analysis that is both race and gender conscious.   Through making the invisible visible, Black Women's Studies hopes to bring the experience and concerns of Black Women from the periphery to the center of race and gender discourse.

is the ideology of a female nature or female essence re-appropriated by feminists themselves in an effort to revalidate the undervalued female attributes. It states that there are fundamental personality and psychological differences between men and women, and that women's differences are not only unique, but superior. This theory of feminism takes note of the biological differences between men and women - such as menstruation and childbirth - and extrapolates from this the idea of an inherent women's culture.